Genetic analysis of sponge gourd for morphometric traits and physical sensory test

Abstract

A total of 32 sponge‑gourd (Luffa cylindrica L.) genotypes were screened for morphometric traits, yield performance, and sensory aroma. About 26 genotypes displayed medium-long fruits (15–25 cm), and 19 genotypes reached harvest within 55 days, demonstrating notable earliness. Yield showed a strong positive correlation with both fruit number and average fruit weight. Genotype × environment interaction was highly significant for yield, underscoring the importance of stability analysis. Eight genotypes (VRSG‑10, VRSG‑18, VRSG‑171, VRSG‑28, VRSG‑68, VRSG‑69, VRSG‑69‑1, and VRSG‑77) exhibited regression coefficients (b = 0 or 1), indicating stable performance across environments. Moreover, Kashi Shreya, VRSG‑195, VRSG‑7‑17, VRSG‑10, and VRSG‑171 achieved the highest yields per hectare, making them promising candidates for cultivation across major Indian agro‑climatic zones. Cluster analysis grouped the 32 genotypes into eight distinct clusters; notably, VRSG‑7‑17 formed a singleton cluster and possessed a distinctive Basmati‑rice-like aroma in leaves, vines, flowers, fruits, and peel, as confirmed by physical‑sensory evaluation of both raw and cooked material. These findings highlight considerable genetic variability and identify stable, high-yielding, and aromatic lines for future breeding and aroma-targeted improvement programs.