Morphological description of spine gourd collections in Bundelkhand region of Central India

Abstract

This study investigates the qualitative morphological and seed-related characteristics of 31 spine gourd (Momordica dioica) genotypes to assess their genetic diversity. The research focused on 17 distinct traits, observing significant variations that can be used for genotype identification and classification. Among the characteristics analysed, notable variations were observed in leaf margin, shape, and colour, as well as in fruit characteristics such as colour, shape, and spine density. Seed traits, such as colour, shape, and seediness, also showed notable diversity. Shannon’s Diversity Index for 17 morphological traits ranged from 0 to 1.250, with leaf margin showing the highest diversity (H’=1.25) and node colour at the attachment of the leaves showing the least (H’=0.239). A qualitative cluster analysis using the UPGMA algorithm grouped the 31 genotypes into two main clusters: Cluster A (5 genotypes) and Cluster B (26 genotypes). Cluster B was further divided into two subgroups, ‘b1’ and ‘b2’. Subgroup ‘b1’ contained one genotype (RLBKD-16), and ‘b2’ contained the remaining 25 genotypes, which were further subdivided into a cluster of one genotype (RLBKD-32) and another of 24 genotypes. The dendrogram effectively illustrates the genetic relationships and diversity among the genotypes, underscoring the value of these traits for selection in breeding programs. These stable, non-environmentally influenced traits are valuable for effective selection in breeding programs aimed at crop improvement, providing a strong basis for future genetic enhancement efforts in spine gourd.